How to Measure and Improve Your Truck Brake Maintenance Program
Brake Violations Put 500-Plus Commercial Motor Vehicles Out of Service
What brake-related violations put trucks and other commercial vehicles out of service during CVSA's unannounced Brake Safety Day?

Common brake defects included having 20% or more of the brakes on the truck stroking beyond their adjustment limit and contaminated brake linings.
Photo: Jim Park
Commercial vehicle inspectors put 570 commercial motor vehicles out of service for brake-related violations during the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Alliance’s annual unannounced Brake Safety Day. That was 11.6% of the 4,898 inspections done by inspectors in 47 jurisdictions throughout Canada, Mexico and the U.S.
Each year, CVSA law enforcement jurisdictions are invited to participate in a one-day unannounced brake-safety inspection and regulatory compliance enforcement event.
On that day, CVSA-certified commercial motor vehicle inspectors conduct their routine roadside inspections with a focus on brake systems and components and provide brake-related inspection and violation data to CVSA.
In 2023, inspectors put 773 CMVs out of service for brake-related issues during Brake Safety Day, or 11.3% of the vehicles checked.
What Was the Most Common Brake-Related Out-of-Service Violation?
The most common cause of brake-related out-of-service violations was 20% brake violations, meaning 20% or more of service brakes on the vehicle(s) had an out-of-service condition resulting in a defective brake.
330 commercial motor vehicles were put out of service for this offense — 57.9% of all brake-related out-of-service violations.
Inspectors found other brake violations on 256 (44.9%) of the commercial motor vehicles inspected, including:
Worn brake lines/hoses
Broken brake drums
Inoperative tractor protection systems
Inoperative low-air warning device
Air leaks, hydraulic fluid leaks, etc.
Seventy-three commercial motor vehicles had steering-related brake violations — 12.8% of all brake-related out-of-service violations.
Top Brake Lining/Pad Violations
This year, emphasis was placed on brake lining/pad health and safety. Inspectors found 108 power units and 66 towed units with lining/pad violations.
A total of 114 brake lining/pad violations were discovered on power units. The top brake lining/pad violation on power units was for contamination, with 48 violations.

2024 Brake Safety Day data related to brake linings/pads
Source: CVSA
Seventy-one brake lining/pad violations were identified on towed units. Twenty-three of the violations were for cracks/voids in the linings/pads, which was the top brake lining/pad violation on towed units.
Performance-Based Brake Testers
Nine U.S. jurisdictions with performance-based brake testers (PBBT) used them during Brake Safety Day.
A PBBT is a machine that assesses the braking performance of a vehicle. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations and CVSA’s North American Standard Out-of-Service Criteria require a minimum braking efficiency of 43.5%. If the vehicle’s braking efficiency is below that, it’s not providing the minimum stopping power required and needs to be serviced.
Eighty-eight PBBT inspections were conducted on Brake Safety Day. Four (4.5%) failed to meet the 43.5% minimum braking efficiency required and were placed out of service.

Photo: Wayne Parham
Mark Your Calendar for More Brake-Focused Enforcement Initiatives
CVSA’s unannounced Brake Safety Day is part of Operation Airbrake, a program dedicated to improving commercial motor vehicle brake safety throughout North America. CVSA’s seven-day Brake Safety Week, another Operation Airbrake campaign, is scheduled for Aug. 25-31.
More Safety & Compliance

FMCSA Pauses Biennial-Update Enforcement Amid Motus Transition
Carriers whose updates were due on or after June 1 have more time, while FMCSA works to stabilize its new registration system and warns of phishing sites impersonating its new carrier registration system, Motus.
Read More →
ZF Expands Commercial Vehicle Push in North America
ZF is expanding its North American commercial-vehicle presence with new transmission applications, electrification, trailer technology and autonomous-driving systems.
Read More →
Truck Drivers Need More Than Another Alert
Fleets have more visibility into truck health, safety events, and driver activity than ever. The next challenge is turning all that information into useful guidance for the person who has to decide what to do next.
Read More →
Tesla Wants a Self-Driving Semi. Are Cameras Enough?
Could Tesla’s camera-only autonomous driving technology work on an 80,000-pound Semi? In this commentary, HDT's Deborah Lockridge takes a look at Tesla, Cybercab, and how autonomous trucks see the road.
Read More →
What DOT’s Automated Vehicle Strategy Means for Trucking
The U.S. Department of Transportation issued a new automated-vehicle strategy that outlines plans for driverless-truck regulations, cross-state freight corridors, and federal safety standards.
Read More →
NYC Expands Speed, Pedestrian Safety Tech Across Fleet
New York City is expanding intelligent speed assistance and pedestrian-alert systems across its municipal fleet, moving the technologies from pilot programs into vehicle procurement and retrofit requirements.
Read More →
FMCSA Removes 110 Truck Driver Training Schools from Certified ELDT List
Federal regulators also are targeting more than 160 additional training providers and launching a nationwide audit of third-party CDL skills testers as part of a broader crackdown on trucking fraud.
Read More →
Beyond DOT Compliance: What Makes a Trucking Fleet Truly Safe?
A trucking fleet can follow every rule and still make unsafe decisions. The real test comes when safety conflicts with freight, productivity, or cost.
Read More →
Hours of Service Pilot Programs: FMCSA Readies for 2027 Rollout
Two pilot programs could eventually reshape hours-of-service rules, giving truck drivers options to pause their 14-hour clock or use longer split sleeper rest periods.
Read More →
New Guide Offers Pet Safety Tips for Truck Drivers
Hundreds of thousands of pets travel in truck cabs. A new safety guide from Volvo Trucks and the Center for Pet Safety offers practical advice for truck drivers who bring dogs and cats along for the ride.
Read More →
