DOE SuperTruck 3 to Focus on Truck Electrification

The third installment of the Department of Energy’s SuperTruck research and development funding project will focus on electric and fuel-cell trucks, and will address a broader range of vehicles than the tractor-trailers involved in the first two projects.

Secretary Jennifer Granholm announced $100 million in funding for SuperTruck 3 during a webinar April 15. Joining that webinar was the North American Council for Freight Efficiency, which also is focusing on electric trucks in its Run on Less Electric demonstration project this year.

The initial SuperTruck project, launched in 2009 by the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, aimed to improve heavy-duty tractor-trailer freight efficiency by 50%.

Within seven years, teams from Volvo, Daimler, Cummins/Peterbilt, and Navistar had exceeded that goal.

The five SuperTruck 2 projects, launched in 2016, are on track to more than double Class 8 mpg, according to the DOE.  

“Getting to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 means we must aggressively cut down the largest source of emissions: the transportation sector,” Granholm said. “DOE’s first two SuperTruck initiatives led the biggest truck makers in the American semi market to take massive leaps in fuel efficiency. This new funding triples down on that progress with a push towards electrifying trucks of all sizes, along with efforts to expand EV charging access and develop low-emission car engines.”

Now EERE’s Vehicle Technologies Office and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office are partnering to offer up to $100 million in funding over four years (subject to appropriations) for the SuperTruck 3 project. This project is designed to pioneer electrified medium- and heavy-duty trucks and freight system concepts that achieve even higher efficiency and lower emissions. The funding focuses on a range of approaches to electrification: all-electric, plug-in hybrid systems using renewable biofuels, and hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, including hybridization strategies such as fuel cell range extenders.

Granholm said SuperTruck 3 will fund projects “that push the envelope event further, through electrification of vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells. And not just for semis. We want all kinds of trucks – garbage trucks, delivery trucks, tow trucks – really any medium or heavy duty truck on the road, we want them to run on alternative or cleaner energy.”

Charging/fueling Infrastructure

In addition to SuperTruck 3, another new DOE project will address the challenge of charging/fueling infrastructure for all sizes of low-GHG vehicles of all sizes.

The Vehicle Technologies Office is offering up to $62.75 million as part of its Low Greenhouse Gas Vehicle Technologies Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment program. This project will fund innovative solutions to reducing emissions and increasing efficiencies for on- and off-road vehicles.

To accelerate electric vehicle adoption, this funding will support expansion of EV infrastructure and charging, along with community-level EV demonstrations that can lower barriers to EV adoption — such as piloting EV car sharing and installing EV charging in apartment complexes. The FOA is also open to projects developing advanced engines and fuels that operate with lower emissions.

Both of these opportunities, Granholm said, combined mean “over $162 million dollars, subject to appropriation, which we know we have the support of, to develop clean transportation technologies for vehicles of all sizes. It is a powerful salvo in our war on the climate crisis.”

Michael Berube, acting deputy assistant secretary for transportation in the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, oversees EERE’s Sustainable Transportation sector. He said developing infrastructure isn’t just about battery-electric charging, but also about hydrogen for fuel cells.

“We envision through this SuperTruck initiative to get some of that hydrogen refueling infrastructure out there, maybe more in the demonstration phase, but it’s important to get that first experimentation and learnings out there.”

SuperTruck and Run on Less

Mike Roeth, NACFE executive director, noted that his experience with the SuperTruck program goes back to the mid-2000s when he was with Navistar. While the SuperTruck project and truck OEM research has led to diesel engines with amazingly low emissions and good fuel economy, he said, it also has created additional complexity, with the addition of aftertreatment systems, for instance.

In comparison, he said, battery-electric trucks are “elegantly simple.”

“Battery electric starts with smaller urban trucks and will find its way into semis,” he said, noting that both the SuperTruck 3 program and NACFE’s Run on Less Electric demonstration this year address that much broader range of vehicles. He also said there’s a place for fuel-cell vehicles and hybrids where fuel cells can extend battery range.

“There will be a lot of choices for manufacturers and fleets going forward, but we think battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell will be the predominant and necessary ones as we enter into 2040 and 2050 carbon-free transportation [goals] that the secretary talks about.”

In many ways the SuperTruck program and Run on Less are unintentionally linked, he explained. The original SuperTruck projects, “as they deployed prototype trucks and started to show some big numbers, 10, 11 mpg, it became obvious that some of those technologies were ready for market; others still haven’t come to fruition. Waste heat recovery as an example, hasn’t been the ROI to really get into the trucks. But so much has.”

The Run on Less programs took the technology that was becoming commercially available, much of it a result of the work done during the SuperTruck program, and demonstrated its real-world performance. In its first Run on Less in 2017, seven truckers driving cross country averaged 10.1. mpg. “That 10.1 and the fuel economy these guys do for their companies every day wouldn’t have happened without the SuperTruck program,” he said.

He was joined by two drivers from that Run on Less project, Joel Morrow of Ploger Transportation and Clark Reed from Nussbaum Transportation. They, too praised the development and validation of efficiency technologies that work in the real world, including relatively small things such as solar panels to help charge electric auxiliary power units to reduce idling for driver comfort.

“A lot of these high-risk, high-reward technologies are essential to hit our environmental goals and transportation industry goals we want as far as productivity,” Morrow said, “but validating that these technologies are ready for the real world is just super important. I want to say how important it is for programs like SuperTruck and NACFE to validate technologies before they go out in the world.” And that’s especially true, he said, for smaller fleets like Ploger and for owner-operators.

Looking forward at SuperTruck 3 and Run on Less Electric, Morrow said, “Infrastructure seems to be very much the limiting factor as far as [electric] heavy-duty vehicles. We would love to deploy a couple of electric vehicles in our local operations at Ploger, but there’s no infrastructure to support that, so our hands are kind of tied.”